AP English Language and Composition

Skills you will practice may include:

• Identifying the purpose and intended audience of a text
• Examining how evidence supports a claim
• Developing paragraphs as part of an effective argument

Skills you will practice may include:

• Analyzing audience and its relationship to the purpose of an argument
• Building an argument with relevant and strategic evidence
• Developing thesis statements
• Developing structure and integrating evidence to reflect a line of reasoning

Skills you will practice may include:

• Identifying and describing different claims or lines of reasoning
• Identifying and avoiding flawed lines of reasoning
• Introducing and integrating sources and evidence
• Using sufficient evidence for an argument
• Attributing and citing references
• Developing parts of a text with cause-effect and narrative methods

Skills you will practice may include:

• Developing and connecting thesis statements and lines of reasoning
• Developing introductions and conclusions
• Developing parts of a text with comparison–contrast and definition–description methods

Skills you will practice may include:

• Developing commentary throughout paragraphs
• Maintaining ideas throughout an argument
• Using modifiers to qualify an argument and convey perspective
• Using transitions

Skills you will practice may include:

• Incorporating multiple perspectives strategically into an argument
• Recognizing and accounting for bias
• Adjusting an argument to address new evidence
• Analyzing tone and shifts in tone

Skills you will practice may include:

• Examining complexities in issues
• Considering how words, phrases, and clauses can modify and limit an argument
• Examining how counterargument or alternative perspectives affect an argument
• Exploring how sentence development affects an argument

Skills you will practice may include:

• Choosing comparisons based on an audience
• Considering how sentence development and word choice affect how the writer is perceived by an audience
• Considering how all choices made in an argument affect the audience
• Considering how style affects an argument

Skills you will practice may include:

• Strategically conceding, rebutting, or refuting information
• Crafting an argument through stylistic choices like word choice and description